What Do Ivy League Schools Think of the ACT

What Do Ivy League Schools Think of the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As an ACT tutor, I often fielded questions about whether the test would be looked down on by admissions officers, especially those at Ivy League schools. Because the SAT was the dominant college admissions test for so long, many students and parents worry that- at least in the Northeast- schools still prefer the SAT over the ACT. However, that time has definitely passed, and schools will now accept either test equally. Read on for a more in-depth explanation of how Ivy League schools view the ACT today, and learn the differences in testing policies that might affect your decision to take the ACT or SAT. Ivy League Schools' Official Policies on the ACT Officially, all of the Ivy League schools accept both the ACT and SAT,as does every other school in the US.Harvey Mudd was the last no-ACT holdout,but it began accepting the test in 2007. â€Å"Since it’s a choice you can make, it has the feeling of being a significant choice, fraught with implication, but I don’t think it does matter,† Marlyn McGrath-Lewis, director of admissions at Harvard College, told the New York Times. â€Å"Either is fine with us, and we don’t have a feeling that either favors students with any particular profile.† According to ACT, Inc., "The ACT test is the nation’s most popular college entrance exam accepted and valued by all universities and colleges in the United States."The "most popular" comment is just marketing spin, but the basic point stands: every school in the US accepts the ACT and SAT equally. How These ACT Policies Actually Work As you now know, the Ivy League schools claim to view the ACT as equivalent to the SAT, but does that mean they actually do? It's impossible to be 100% sure, but I strongly believe the Ivy League schools treat the two tests equally. For one, I was unable to find any evidence that admissions officers have a preference for one test over the other. Moreover, there is no logical reason for admissions counselors to discriminate against students who take the ACT,especially since doing so is likely to cost them some exceptional students who happened not to take the SAT. If you examine the statistics on ACT and SAT scores among admitted students, some differences in how schools treat scores from the two tests do appear, but they're mostly meaningless. It's been said that there is a slight SAT advantage for students scoring on the low end of schools' accepted score ranges. So if you have the same percentile score on both tests (i.e., you do better than the same percentage of students who took the test), your SAT score will be more likely to get you into a college than your ACT score will be. However, this analysis is somewhat misleading because it doesn't take into account the fact that many students who don't plan ongoing to college take the ACT as part of statewide assessments, increasing the number of low-scoring students and slightly skewing the percentiles. Looking at the data for Ivy League schools, you'll also see that more admitted applicants submit SAT scores than they do ACT scores.However, this trend seems to be evening out. For example, when it comes toCornell's class of 2018, 79.7% submitted SAT scores while only 41.4% submitted ACT scores. Yet for the class of 2021, 63.7% submitted SAT scores and 55.9% submitted ACT scores. As you can see, even with these slight changes in percentages, the SAT is still a little more popular than the ACT is among Ivy League applicants. Although this might seem like evidence of bias, this difference is easily explained by regional preference:more than 50% of both the 2018 and 2021 Cornell classes hailed from the Northeast, where the SAT is much more common than the ACT. Yale University (in the winter, obviously) Ultimately, there's no compelling evidence that any schools, including members of the Ivy League, judge the ACT more harshly than they do the SAT.As such, you should ignore this perceived bias when deciding between the two tests. Instead, focus on determining which test is better for you. Since most students score similarly on the two, it's usually just a question of which test you feel more comfortable with. Alternatively, you might want totake both the ACT and SAT. Next up, let's go over the two differences in testing policies that might affect your decision of which test to take! Schools' Testing Policies: Superscoring and SAT Subject Tests Though colleges accept the ACT and SAT equally, schools can still have slight differences in what supplementary tests they require and in how they calculate your final score depending on which test you took. SAT Subject Tests Rarely, at some schools, if you submit ACT with Writing scores, you don’t have to submit SAT Subject Test scores. However, since many top-ranked schools no longer require SAT Subject Test scores, this policy has begun to disappear. At present, no Ivy League schools have this policy in place. That said,Duke is one selective schoolthat does allow applicants to submit an ACT with Writing score in lieu of SAT + two SAT Subject Test scores. For many students, SAT Subject Tests offer the opportunity to exhibit deep knowledge of a topic. Especially for the extremely competitive Ivy League schools, these tests can be a valuable part of your application (assuming you do well on them). Superscoring Superscoring- the process by which your highest component scores among multiple test dates are combined to create a new composite score- is a common practice for SAT scores. Generally speaking, though, admission committees don't superscorethe ACT.(This rule holds among all schools and not just the Ivy League ones.) While schools will still look at your highest ACT scores and some will consider individual section scores, few will combine ACT section scores from multiple test dates into a single superscoredcomposite. Though this policy might seem like a huge disadvantage to the ACT, it doesn't actually make that much of a difference. Policy by School This table breaks down the Ivy League schools' policies on SAT Subject Tests and superscoring. The second column indicates how many SAT Subject Tests the school requires/recommends. The third column explains the school's superscoringpolicy, which can be one of three options: Doesn't superscore at all Superscores the SAT but only looks at yourhighest composite ACT score Superscores the SAT and looks at your highestACT section scores Note that even schools that claim to superscore the ACT usually look at your highest ACT section scores withoutactually combining them to create a composite superscore (as they do with the SAT). School # of SAT Subject Tests Recommended/Required Superscoring Policy Brown 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest ACT section scores but does not calculate superscore Columbia None Superscores SAT and ACT Cornell Varies by program (usually 0 or 2 required) Superscores SAT but not ACT Dartmouth 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score Harvard 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score Princeton 2 recommended Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score UPenn 2 recommended Superscores SAT and ACT Yale Recommended (no # specified) Superscores SAT; considers highest component ACT score What You Need to Know About the Ivy League and the ACT No matter what you might've heard, Ivy League schools have no preference between the ACT and SAT.You can submit scores from either test or from both of them withoutworrying that your application will be dinged. Ultimately, choosing between the SAT and the ACT comes down to personal preference.There will occasionally be a large difference between how a student scores on the SAT and the ACT(a difference of more than 100 points once the ACT is converted to its SAT equivalent). Most students, however, score similarly on both tests. Nonetheless, the styles of the two tests are different enough that you may find the ACT easier than the SAT, or vice versa. Perhaps you struggle with the ACT's less generous time limits, or maybe you think the SAT's evidencequestionsare particularly confusing. What's Next? Planning on applying to Ivy League schools? Get a handle on what kind of SAT score you really need, and check out this in-depth guide tohow to get into the Ivy League, written by a real Harvard grad! Trying to decide whether to take the SAT or ACT? Read our guide to learnthe 11 key differences between the two teststo help you decide which is better suited to your strengths. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How To Use the Common Spanish Verb ‘Tener’

How To Use the Common Spanish Verb ‘Tener’ The everyday Spanish verb tener, usually translated as to have, is particularly useful. Not only is it used to indicate possession, it is also used in a variety of idiomatic expressions to indicate emotions or states of being. Note that when tener means to have, it does so in the sense of meaning to possess or to own. The equivalent of the English auxiliary verb to have, as in you have seen, is haber (as in has visto, you have seen). Using Tener To Mean ‘To Have Most of the time, tener is used in much the same way as to have is in English. Depending on the context, it can also be translated using using synonyms such as to possess and to own: Tengo tres hijos. (I have three children.)Tiene un coche casi nuevo con una garantà ­a fuerte. (He owns an almost new car with a strong guarantee.)Antes de la guerra, tenà ­a tres casas. (Before the war, she possessed three houses.)Tuvimos cuatro campeones en el mismo momento. (We had four champions at the same time.)En 2016 Paulina no tenà ­a carnà © de conducir. (In 2016 Paulina didnt have a drivers license.)No tenemos suficientes bosques en el planeta. (We dont have enough forests on our planet.) ¿Crees que tendremos una mujer presidente? (Do you believe we will have a female president?) Tener can similar be used similarly as to have even when it is used figuratively or referring to nonphysical things: Espero que tengas una buena excusa. (I hope you have a good excuse.)Mi amigo tiene dificultad para pronunciar las palabras espaà ±olas. (My friend has difficulty in pronouncing Spanish words.)Cada là ­der debe tener una visià ³n de lo que podrà ­a ser. (Every leader should have a vision of what could be.) Idiomatic Uses of Tener Expressions using tener are also quite common. Many of them would not be understood by English speakers to indicate possession, although they often can be thought of as referring to to the having of various emotions and feelings. For example, tener hambre, would be translated literally as to have hunger, although it would normally be understood as to be hungry. The following listing, which is far from complete, shows some of the common expressions or idioms using tener: tener ____ aà ±os (to be ____ years old): (Tiene 4 aà ±os. She is 4 years old.)no tener antecedentes (to be unprecedented): La crisis venezolana no tiene antecedentes. (The Venezuelan crisis is unprecedented.)no tener arreglo (to be beyond repair): Siento que esta semana no tiene arreglo. (I feel this week is beyond repair.)tener calor (to be or to feel hot):  ¿Tienes calor? (Are you hot?)tener cuidado (to be careful):  ¡Ten cuidado! (Be careful!)tener dolor (to have a pain, to be in pain): Hay muchos excelentes remedios para dolor de cabeza. (There are many excellent remedies for a headache.)tener la culpa (to be at fault): Mi madre dice que tengo la culpa. (My mother says its my fault.)tener efecto (to have an effect, to be in effect):  La patente dejà ³ de tener efecto antes de que el dispositivo comenzara a ser utilizado a gran escala. (The patent went out of effect before the device began to be used on a large scale.)tener à ©xito (to be successful): Mi hermano tiene m ucho à ©xito. (My brother is very successful.) tener frà ­o (to be or feel cold): Los exploradores tendrn frà ­o. (The explorers will be cold.)tener hambre (to be hungry): Los nià ±os siempre tienen hambre. (The children are always hungry.)tenerlo fcil (to have it easy): Los dos equipos no lo tienen fcil. (The two teams dont have it easy.)tener miedo (to be afraid): El paracaidista no tenà ­a miedo. (The parachute jumper wasnt afraid.)tener prisa (to be in a hurry): Mi hija nunca tiene prisa. (My daughter is never in a hurry.)tener que infinitive (to have to): Tengo que salir. (I have to leave.)tener razà ³n, no tener razà ³n (to be right, to be wrong): Tengo razà ³n. No tienes razà ³n. (Im right. Youre wrong.)tener sed (to be thirsty): El camello no tiene sed. (The camel isnt thirsty.)tener suerte (to be lucky): Los ganadores tenà ­an suerte. (The winners were lucky.) Conjugation of Tener Like many other commonly used verbs, tener is irregular. Following are the conjugations for the most common indicative tenses. Irregular conjugations are indicated by boldface. The only other verbs that follow the same conjugation pattern as tener are verbs based on tener, such as mantener (to maintain) and sostener (to sustain). Note that these verb forms can be translated in other ways if the context calls for it. Present tense: yo tengo (I have), tà º tienes (you have), à ©l/ella/usted tiene (he/she has, you have), nosotros tenemos (we have), vosotros tenà ©is (you have), ellos/ustedes tienen (they/you have).Preterite tense: yo tuve (I had), tà º tuviste (you had), à ©l/ella/usted tuvo (he/she/you had), nosotros tuvimos (we had), vosotros tuvisteis (you have), ellos/ustedes tuvieron (they/you have).Imperfect tense: yo tenà ­a (I used to have), tà º tenà ­as (you used to have), à ©l/ella/usted tenà ­a (he/she/you used to have), nosotros tenà ­amos (we used to have), vosotros tenà ­ais (you used to have), ellos/ustedes tenà ­an (they/you used to have).Future tense: yo tendrà © (I will have), tà º tendrs (you will have), à ©l/ella/usted tendr (he/she/you will have), nosotros tendremos (we will have), vosotros tendrà ©is (you will have), ellos/ustedes tendrn (they/you will have). Key Takeaways Tener usually means to have in the sense of to possess, but not have when it is used as an auxiliary verb.Tener is highly irregular, not using the same conjugation as any other verb other than those that derive from tener.A wide variety of phrases use tener in which it frequently is used for indicating emotions and various personal feelings.

Life in the Colonial Convent. in Latin America Research Paper

Life in the Colonial Convent. in Latin America - Research Paper Example Conquering nations placed value on convents. Monastic life gained respect and power in the society. Distinction of ethnicity, honour, and gender between the nuns increased with the passage of time. Many individuals were being used as slaves and servants in the convents. Convents generated financial resources by getting money from wealthy families; this defined numerous classes of people as per their financial standings (Bethell 56). Factors like demography, spatial variations and economy caused differences in women’s lives. Spanish women were given almost all the rights and protection during the colonial period in Latin America. Education and protection for women was ensured at the convents but other races and classes suffered as there were no rights and convent for them in Latin America (Skidmore & Smith 71). Latin America was male dominated colonial world and women were not allowed to take part in any activity without the permission of male. Male member of the family was onl y allowed to take all decision in day-to-day social life. Race and class distinction was firmly enforced and people were dealt accordingly. Women used two types of veils for differentiating leaders from servants. Nuns wearing black veils were from wealthy families and brought all the precious items with them. ... Mestizo women were only employed as servants. These practises at the convents enacted social barriers in the human life in the colonies (Edwards 128). Convents were initially established only in the main cities of Latin America. Walls were built to separate the convents from the cities. That is why convent used to give a deserted look. Keeping of slaves and servants in convents was as normal as in rest of the world. there are numerous examples in Latin America and people also say that between two convents in Cuzco , more than 500 living out of which 50% were nuns (Bethell 61). Influential families lived in separate homes within the convent and kept orphan girls as servants along with other servants. Dona Juana de Maldonado constructed good house for herself. She used dozen of black maids in construction of accommodation in the convent. Juana also spoke about gender double standards in her poems (Skidmore & Smith 75). Convents in Latin America used multiple sources to generate revenue s. Nuns took oath of obedience and poverty to their superiors. Wealthy families residing in convents could not manage to give a luxurious life to their daughters because a huge amount of money was paid to church and convent. Nuns were considered â€Å"brides of Christ† so all nuns were expected to give their dowry to church. Quantity of dowry presented to church, dictated the amount of luxurious lives that nuns can live. 6000 pesos was entry fee in the convent in Lima. For a luxurious living, convent used to charge double amount (Edwards 132). Demography, spatial variations and economy caused differences in women’s lives in colonial Latin America. Islamic way of social life was fully followed by the Iberian women during the colonial age in old and the new world.

MG 1011 Task 2 Assignment - a Reflection of the work done Essay

MG 1011 Task 2 Assignment - a Reflection of the work done - Essay Example Team formation is a critical initial step that is necessary to create a team that will work effectively. A team or group is the union of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, p.172). During the initial formation stage of the team the member have to communicate with each other in various brainstorming and socialization exercises in other to get to know each other to create a bond. During these session the team has to create a detail plan of action of the project the have to perform with a detail work break structure of the specific task each member will perform and various deadlines the work has to delivered. There is a need for leadership within the group. It is important for someone to take charge and become the team leader that can guide the other members of the team, while at the same listening to the opinion of others to integrate their ideas. According to Belbin’s team role theory the optimum size for a team is eight m embers (Fisher & Hunter & Macrosson, 2001). If a team is too small the members might get overworked, but a large team can create organizational problems which may result in inefficiencies. I have worked on various team scenarios some of which were good experiences, while others were horrible endeavors. During my first year in college I worked on a group project for college class. The team was made up to four members. It was disaster from day one. One member barely ever came to any of the team meetings. The other two kept arguing over irrelevant points and could not come to any agreements on how to proceed with the project. I tried to play the role of leader and intermediary between the members. Since I took the initiative I paid the price of being the member with the highest workload and ended up covering for two of the members who at the end were extremely irresponsible and disappeared on me and decided that their end of the bargain did not have to complied with. I did both

Does Birth Order Affect the Way You Are? Essay examples -- essays rese

Does Birth Order Affect the Way You Are? Bob likes to be the center of attention. Joe feels that he has authority. Julia tries to outdo everyone and Jimmy just wants to be bigger than the others. What do these all have to do with Birth Order? These all deal with the children’s characteristics depending upon when they were born. Birth Order is the cause of each person’s personality and individual characteristics. Using "Bob" as an example, he enjoys being the center of attention. He is obviously an only child. "As an only child, one will develop those characteristics from always having to cope with playing alone and with having to fend off adult intrusion" (Stein 1). Children that are the only child, found from research, seem to have the "Leave me alone, I’d rather do it myself" attitude (Isaacson 1). This would definitely have a thing or two to do with how this child would act and go throughout life. "This child will usually stay on the path" (Isaacson 1). With the few characteristics shown, one can tell that because of being an only child, this person will end up going through life looking at things in a different way than those that grow up with siblings. Likewise, a child that was the only child, but then has a younger sibling brought into the family will also have different characteristics. "Once the second child is born, there is a feeling of abandonment to the first born child" ( Isaacson 3). "The first born child will show a demanding behavior" (Isaacson 3). "They may even show off just because they want to get the attention that they have lost" (Isaacson 3). Once the second child comes along, the first born child feels that they have the power (Isaacson 2). "This child will usually pursue many different goals quickly" (Isaacson 3). Further on in life this child will more than likely have a different attitude toward life than a child born second or third. "First borns, grow up knowing they are bigger, stronger, and smarter than their younger siblings" ( Cowly 68). In the long run, they will continue to act in this manner and be successful in their own way. Along comes the second or middle child, which is assumed to get all of the attention. "Yet, the attention toward the second born is lost as the first born aggressively takes it away" (Isaacson... ...attributed in part to their belonging to a unique social group based on their order of birth in the family" (Kasschau 21). A lot of studies were done and it was found that in most cases, when there were no intrusions on how the family was raised, birth order had an effect on people’s personalities (Leman 33). Just think about it. If one was the oldest, they would feel far more superior than the other siblings (Isaacson 2). On the other hand, if one was the youngest, or the baby of the family, they would get spoiled and wish to be older than the others (Isaacson 4). The middle child usually feels stuck, as if they do not get their way in any situation (Isaacson 3). All of these would affect how a person grows up. Each individuals personality and characteristics are determined by their birth order. When "Bob," the only child grows older, his attitude and personality upon things will be different than "Joe’s," who is the first born child. Same goes for the second born, third born, and so on. All of these children will grow up with different parenting, caused by when they were born. They will be unlike each other since they were born in that specific order.

Developing Virgin Coconut Oil-Based Products

One of the definitions of â€Å"virgin† in the Merriam-Webster pocket dictionary is: â€Å"fresh, unspoiled; especially: not altered by human activity.† Virgin coconut oil (VCO or VCNO) is produced from fresh coconut meat (non-copra). This does not pass through RBD processes. It is produced without the use of chemical and heat and does not contain aflatoxin/PAH’s. It retains its vitamin content, especially Vitamin E, an antioxidant, after undergoing the natural process of producing the virgin coconut oil. It is rich in lauric acid, an acid naturally found in mother’s milk that helps develop and strengthen the immune system of newborn babies.It contains medium chain fatty acids that is easily digested by the body and converted to energy.   The virgin coconut oil is a truly unrefined coconut oil made from organic coconuts. Testing done in independent laboratories reveals a 50% – 53% content of lauric acid. No chemical or high-heat treatment is used, and this oil contains no trans fatty acids. The virgin coconut oil has been extracted in an old-fashioned traditional method that has been used for hundreds of years. The coconut trees where the coconuts are sourced by producers are certified organic according to strict USDA standards.This high-grade virgin coconut oil has a long shelf life due to coconut oil's natural anti-oxidant properties. It has the longest shelf life of any plant oil (Tropical Traditions Virgin Coconut Oil, 2005). This product is popular in tropical countries. However, marketing of Virgin Coconut Oil is still not well-established in the United States and Europe.Marketing DescriptionVCO can provide instant energy to the body. According to experts the medium chain (C8 – C12)   fats in VCO is similar to the fats in mother’s milk, that gives babies immunity from diseases. The medium chain fatty acids have antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiprotozoal properties. It was found out that the most potent is the lauric acid (C12) and its monoglyceride form monolaurin being mentioned as the most potent against lipid coated microorganisms which are not normally cured by ordinary antibiotics.Among the vegetable oils traded in the world, coconut oil is the richest source of medium-chain fatty acids (64%) and lauric acid (48-53%). The numerous health benefits of coconut oil are finally again reaching the mainstream. These benefits are reducing risk of heart disease, promoting weight loss when and if needed, supporting immune system health, reducing your risk of cancer and degenerative diseases, supporting a healthy metabolism, providing an immediate energy source, helping to keep skin healthy and prevent age-related damage, supporting the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, and preventing infections due to harmful bacteria, viruses, yeasts and other micro-organisms.These unique health benefits of coconut oil are directly related to its chemical structure, or more precisel y, the length of its fatty acid chains. That is, coconut oil is comprised of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), also called medium-chain triglycerides or MCTs. Coconut oil is nature's richest source of these healthy MCFAs. By contrast, most common vegetable or seed oils are comprised of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), also known as long-chain triglycerides or LCTs.Objectives and IssuesPromoting VCO will be aimed at the three benefits of the product:Health BenefitsThere are several reasons to explain why long-chain fatty acids are not as healthy as the MCFAs in coconut oil. For one, LCFAs are difficult for the body to break down. They must be packaged with lipoproteins or carrier proteins and require special enzymes for digestion. Also, LCFAs put more strain on the pancreas, the liver and the entire digestive system. These LCFAs are predominantly stored in the body as fat. (That's why most people buy into the myth that fats are automatically â€Å"fattening†). LCFAs can be depo sited within arteries in lipid forms such as cholesterol. On the other hand, however, the MCFAs in coconut oil are healthier, because MCFAs are smaller.They permeate cell membranes easily, and do not require lipoproteins or special enzymes to be utilized effectively by your body. MCFAs are easily digested, thus putting less strain the digestive system. This is especially important for those of with digestive or metabolic problems. MCFAs are sent directly to your liver, where they are immediately converted into energy rather than being stored as fat. MCFAs in coconut oil can actually stimulate your body's metabolism, leading to weight loss (Mercola, 2006).Social BenefitsA noteworthy social benefit of the virgin coconut oil is in positive impact of the virgin coconut oil in obesity. When virgin coconut oil is used by people suffering from obesity, immediate response of the body can be observed. The metabolism of the person who took in virgin coconut oil in their system is chronically inhibited by something that was easily alleviated by â€Å"dilution† or molecular competition.Putting a tablespoonful of coconut oil on some rice during meals and half an hour later will result to normal breathing. The skin become pink and pulse may become normal. Over the next few months, the weight will be slowly and consistently decreasing. Eating more coconut oil lowered weight for some pounds. The anti-obesity effect of coconut oil is clear in the animal studies (Peat, 2004).Environmental BenefitsThere are a number of environmental benefits of virgin coconut oil. Farmers who attempted to use virgin coconut oil for fattening their animals found out that the virgin coconut oil made the animals healthy and active. The waste products excreted by these animals are not hazardous to the environment due to its organic and safe to the environment nature (Peat, 2004).An important thing to note in the production of the virgin coconut oil is that none of the products from this proce ss are wasted. The ground outer shells of the coconut are used for matting and packing fresh plants and flowers. The empty coconut shells are burned for fuel to supply heat for drying the meat. Other uses of the empty coconut shell is in cooking or heating for fuel for a variety of purpose. The exhausted meat as the waste product in the production of virgin coconut oil is often fed to livestock as a nutrient rich meal (Jamaican Gold: Raw Handpressed Coconut Oil, 2006).Product ReviewA.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Different Ways of Branding the ProductAlmost no product is perfect forever. And when the patent runs out, there is always someone who can make it cheaper. But even before the patent ends, there will likely be those who attempt an end run on your process. Most successful ingredient brands have continually refined their products to make them easier to use in manufacturing, or make them cheaper, or to perform better. This way, you will discover any opportunity to improve your product before so meone else does. Ingredient Branding is a different approach to building brand equity. This concept is a way to successfully introduce and market a radically new product.The usual way existing markets name the coconut oil is Virgin Coconut Oil. But this product being proposed here will have the name Coconut Virgin Oil or CVO for short. The CVO will be applied for trade marking that makes the logo come out as CVOTM.Branding the product as such will eliminate the basic idea that the product is of coconut virgin oil. This type of branding is called logo type branding. Marlboro didn’t name themselves Cigarettes or Pepsi naming their company as SoftdrinksTM. CVOTM  Ã‚   as a corporate ID will carry different types and forms of virgin coconut oil products. Each of these forms will have their own sub branding. For example:Product for medicinal benefits will be branded CVOTM   Medicinal.Product for beauty benefits will be branded CVOTM   Beauty.Product for culinary benefits wil l be branded CVOTM   Kitchen.Once the brands are decided and set, personalities will be chosen to partner these brands. A coconut tree will not be used to promote the product. A coconut tree may be developed as a mascot but personalities that can claim the benefits of the product will be more effective. These personalities will be chosen according to their credentials that are palatable and appealing to the target markets.B. Threat of SubstitutesThreats of substitutes are virgin olive oil, virgin pine oil, red palm oil, grapeseed oil, flaxseed oil and many others. Virgin olive oil is obtained only from the olive, the fruit of the olive tree, using solely mechanical or other physical means in conditions, particularly thermal conditions, which do not alter the oil in any way. It has not undergone any treatment other than washing, decanting, centrifuging and filtering.It excludes oils obtained by the use of solvents or re-esterification methods, and those mixed with oils from other s ources. It can be qualified as a natural product, and virgin olive oil can have a designation of origin when it meets the specific characteristics associated with a particular region. Virgin olive oils can have the following designations and classifications depending on their organoleptic (taste and aroma) and analytic characteristics. Tthe degree of acidity refers to the proportion of free fatty acids, not to the taste (Olive Oils Definition, 2006).Virgin pine nut oil (VPO) is the first and only natural and effective appetite suppressant currently known to man. When ingested – either in its pure form or as part of delicious foods – this tasty oil stimulates the abundant release of cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK is a substance naturally produced in the duodenum in the presence of fats and proteins. When delivered to the brain, it tells us to stop eating, thereby reducing the amount of food we consume, as well as our overall intake of calories (Organic Oils, Butters, and Nu t Butters, 2006).Red Palm Oil is produced from the fruit of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. It is a vegetable oil, not from an animal or dairy product and therefore does not contain any cholesterol (Organic Oils, Butters, and Nut Butters, 2006).Grapeseed Oils Infused with all-natural, fresh herbs, our Salute Sante! Infused Grapeseed Oils shine with delicious flavor and have a light texture and mouthfeel. A tasty substitute for butter, margarine and other saturated fats, use these oils as a delicious dip for bread, drizzle over salads and fresh vegetables, or use as a â€Å"liquid spice† in your favorite recipes (Organic Oils, Butters, and Nut Butters, 2006).Flaxseed oil contains linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid needed for survival (Thompson,   et al., 1996). According to the authors, unlike most oils, it also contains significant amounts of another essential fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid (ALA). They further mentioned that the effect of ALA as an isolated substance , and of flaxseed oil on the risk of cancer in humans remains unclear, with most animal and test tube studies suggesting protection, and some preliminary human trials suggesting cause for concern.They have stressed, however, that it is premature to suggest that ALA and flaxseed oil will either cause or protect against human cancer at this time (Thompson, et al., 1996). Flaxseed oil is not suitable for cooking and should be stored in an opaque, airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer. If the oil has a noticeable odor it is probably rancid and should be discarded (Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil. Health Notes, 2006).C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Competitive RivalryDespite the numerous organic oils that are available in the market, competitive rivalry is existing in the market. Since the introduction of the virgin coconut oil in the market, there is an observed potential and competitiveness of the virgin coconut oil in the international market (Virgin Coconut Oil, 2006).D.   Product Uniquen essCVO is a the brand that values and sells integration. The integration of all three benefits of the coconut virgin oil will spell originality of this product. Many sellers of virgin oil are in the market but all their existing brand marketing remains like the back yard type. CVO will be striking because it will project a global brand bringing all the benefits of CVO that can be accessed by different local and inter-nation markets, single consumers or bulk buyers that use the CVO in their businesses.The vision of CVO is to project a global brand that promotes the coconut and its organic benefits to human kind.Marketers should understand that when global brands are desirable, it is not simply because they are global, but rather because their globalness implies other traits, such as quality and prestige. ‘There's a certain cachet of quality that comes with being available around the world, but it's not automatic,' says third co-author, Dana L. Alden, a professor of marketing at the University of Hawaii. ‘The brands that tend to be successful around the world tend to be of higher quality and are promoted as such (The Global-Brand Advantage, Spring 2003).Action ProgramThe mission of the product is to earn from promoting a healthy lifestyle using the coconut virgin oil. The goals of the product is to sell through distributors and retail outlets the many forms of CVO packed in a variety of ways suited for different uses. Thus, CVO will be promoted as a product beneficial to the body, lifestyle and environment. Promotion will be focused on the internet, health stores and grocery stores. Three promotional strategies are explained below.The plan will use personalities to promote the product. Using this strategy is still a cut above the rest using personal testimonies from man on the streets. The product must find people from different fields to help promote it. A deemed scientist will be found to endorse its chemical stability and safety. A super star will promote its beautifying effects. A known woman – mother advocate will be helpful in promoting its cooking and lifestyle benefits.2. Another plan for promotion will include giving away trial samples for free. Each time they buy a certain amount of product, the clients will be awarded a free pack that they can share to their friends who would like to try. Advocates who believe in the product can easily promote it. Giving them resources to help their own little promotion will have good future effects.3. A good promotional activity is advertisement in the various media such as newspapers, television, radio, and other events. The advertising arm must maximize events that center on alternative lifestyle and venues that promote environmental consciousness. Sponsorships in cash or in kind is also a good way to help promote the product. Users who can give the advertising arm information that can lead towards the promotion of the product in their communities will be awarded free produ cts.Proposed Budget$ 50,000 – Product Development and Importation of processed virgin coconut oil$ 30,000 – Advertising Costs$ 20,000 – Miscellaneous (Salaries, Incidentals)$100,000 – TotalProfits will be earned through proper management of sourcing of raw materials. Processed and bottled can be bought at an average of $ 3.00 per 500 ml. Prevailing retail price without shipping costs is $17.00 per 500 ml on the average. Retail is more than five times the cost which makes it viable for product development.ControlThree scenarios are seen as the CVO product penetrates a market. One, it is well accepted. Two, CVO is generally rejected. Three, CVO becomes unnoticed.The first scenario is favorable. Promotions and marketing goes into the market, information is heard, the product is sampled, and the consumers love it. This will look and sound easy but the challenge in this scenario is how to make these CVO goers and users become advocates. A bigger challenge is h ow to sustain the quality of the product they liked. There will be times when a consumer who easily accepts a new product has also the tendency to easily change his mind when another product comes along. These consumers will always try something new and thereby one can describe their product loyalty at a minimum. Making these consumers loyal is the job of the company.Works CitedJamaican Gold: Raw Handpressed Coconut Oil.   29 Nov. 2006. Oregon: The Essential Oil Company. http://www.essentialoil.com/Jamaican%20Gold.html.Mercola, Joseph. â€Å"Pure Virgin Coconut Oil: The Healthy Fat That Ignites Weight Loss, Banishes Infection, And Heads Off Heart Disease† (Among Other Things †¦). 29 Nov. 2006. BBB Online.   http://www.mercola.com/products/coconut_oil.htm.Olive Oils Definition. 29 Nov. 2006. Greenbrae: The Olive Oil Source. http://www.oliveoilsource.com/definitions.htm.Organic Oils, Butters, and Nut Butters. 29 Nov. 2006. All Things Coconut. http://www.smartsupply.us/ oil-butter.htmPeat, Raymond. Coconut Oil. Virgin Coconut Oil Testimonials, 2004. 29 Nov. 2006.   Conuq, Inc. http://www.conuq.com/peat-art1.htmlThe Global-Brand Advantage. MIT-Sloan Management Review, Spring 2003. 29 Nov. 2006. MIT-SMR. http://sloanreview.mit.edu/smr/issue/2003/spring/1g/Thompson, L.U., Rickard, S.E., Orcheson, L.J. and. Seidl, M.M. Flaxseed and its Lignan and Oil Components Reduce Mammary Tumor Growth at a Late Stage of Carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, (1996)17:1373–6.Tropical Traditions Virgin coconut Oil. Holistic Beauty, 2005.   29 Nov. 2006. Natural Solutions-Holistic Beauty, Body & Bath. http://www.holisticbeauty.net/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=280.Virgin Coconut Oil Set to Enter U.S. Market. 29 Nov. 2006. Alternative Medicine. Best Health Options. http://besthealthoptions.com/alternative-medicine/2006/06/05/virgin-coconut-oil-set-to-enter-us-market/

Intergovernmental Relations - 1326 Words

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course for: Public Administration (PA-101-02) Fall 2010 A Critique of: Introducing Public Administration 7th Edition Chapter 4: Intergovernmental Relations Presented to: Adjunct Instructor William W. Johnson, Sr. By: Francis Christopher Cincotti Introducing Chapter 4, the author explains how federalism is a fundamental part of U.S government and how it gives equal power to both national and state governments. â€Å"History indicates clearly that the principal factor in the formation of federal systems of government has been a common external threat.† The authors’ quote informs the reader that people have always been weary of a strong, national government and that there is always a constant†¦show more content†¦Federal governments defines that power is shared between national and state governments to run the country. Confederations defines that the power lies in the individual state and that the central government has a limited role in forming policy. While each form has its advantages, they also have their weaknesses and imperfections that hamper one form from besting the other. Unitary governments have the entire power lie in the larger groups while Federal and Confederation governments tend to have l egislative pass at a slow rate. Whichever the case, a public administrator must sometimes switch between the three categories in order to accomplish and suit the needs of the people they are serving at the time. Without delegating between the three, government policy can and will fall into either extreme. Federalism defines many roles of power, relationships, and structure in government and how a federal system is an ever changing form of government. In the United States, the government has gone through many phases of federalism and each phase has brought both good and bad aspects of government policy with them. Dual Federalism defined that national and state governments pretend that they were functionally separate and working independently, but not against each other. Cooperative Federalism has an interstate dimension, as participatory programs were undertaken among several states and the federal government. Creative Federalism gaveShow MoreRelatedHow Globalization Has Consequences For Intergovernmental Relations3407 Words   |  14 PagesDeveloping states have complex structures, which concentrate on the central state or probe state-society relations. Their scrutiny of relations within states provides much room for perfection, and they have only begun to value the potential of loc al governments to promote economic development. The aim of this paper is to explain how globalization has consequences for intergovernmental relations. China and India are analyzed as examples of how globalization affects economy, culture, and policy. 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